Review Sheet Results Essay

1. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+ leak channels. Your answer: Because outside a typical cell, the concentration of K+ is about 5mM and the concentration of Na+ is about 150 mM. When you increase the concentration of K+ from 5 to 25 mM and reduce concentration of Na+ from 150 to 130 mM, the outside has more concentration of K+. The membrane is permeable to a particular ion, that ion will diffuse down its concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 2. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value. How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: Because outside has more K+, the rate of diffusion is less. The resting membrane potential will become less negative. 3. Explain why a change in extracellular Na+ did not significantly alter the membrane potential in the resting neuron? Your answer: Because it did not effect the resting membrane potential. 4. Discuss the relative permeability of the membrane to Na+ and K+ in a resting neuron. Your answer: The resting membrane potential is really a potential difference between the inside of the cell (intracellular) and the outside of the cell (extracellular) across the resting permeability of the membrane to ions and on the intracellular and extracellular concentraions of those ions to which the membrane is permeable. Na+ and K+ are the most important ions, and the concentrations of these ions are established by transport protein, such as the Na+ -K+ pump, so that the intracellular Na+ concentration is low and the intracellular K+ concentraion is high. The ions will diffuse down its concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 5. Discuss how a change in Na+ or K+ conductance would affect the resting membrane potential. Your answer: The resting period potential is a potential difference between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell across the membrane. It depends on the resting permeability of the membrane to ions and on the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of those ions to which the membrane is permeable. View as multi-pages

Schindler s List Essay Jayden

When the Jews started to be tortured and arced to work for the government and treated horribly Oscar took them in and saved them. He had to do something. During the war the Jews were killed without hesitation by the Nazi's. If people, like Oscar Schneider, had done nothing the Jewish population would have been much smaller. Ideologically, whoever wrote this source assumes not only that Oscar Schneider is a good man, but also that there is a such thing as a good person. The Bible says that all men are evil sinners at heart in saying, â€Å"for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God†.The source is Ritter by a left wing person it would seem because they are assuming that some people are good (good from birth and then you control if you are evil or not) while right wing people believe people are born evil. The strange thing is that the source focuses on individual people to do something about a problem and not people as a whole. This source is most likely written by a left wing person who has analyzed the situation that was the Nazi's and decided that these people chose evil.Also they only way for the people who chose to do good that were individuals, of whom they must accept existed, as for them to act individually, and they did make a difference. Left wing people, such as this source, must accept that there are individuals in the world that make a difference for the better without hurting society. Now that it is established that there is not such thing as a good person, we must question what these people are then. These people are people who are sinful people, but they are doing good deeds.Although they are naturally sinful, they choose to do good either for the good of humanity or for their beliefs. If you define the source like this, then this would be a true statement. Evil will rule the world if us as individuals do not do something about it. Oscar Schneider saw something evil and he went and made a difference. He bought these people as sla ves and took good care of them. Although he was rich, he was still only able to buy a portion of the people.It was sick and horrible how it all went down. In the end, Oscar Schneider wept. He wept over the lives he could have saved if he had just sold some of his earthly possessions. We must see this and keep ourselves in check, for the Bible says in Matthew 6:19-21 , â€Å"19 Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, here moth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal, 20 but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys and where thieves do not break in and steal. 1 For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also. † Oscar Schneider not only made a difference, but also learned that we need to not hold on to our possessions. To make a difference in the world we must not be focused on our own possessions. Instead of agreeing that the only thing necessary for evil to succeed is for good men to do nothing, we should say something else.We must say that the only thing necessary for evil to succeed is for us to let our hearts and minds go to whatever pleases us, whether that be rampant murder, child pornography or Nazism. Therefore we must push back. We must fight our desires and fight for a better world, no matter who you are, what gender, race, age or religion. A Christian has a better reason than an atheist, for the Christian has a reason to live for, but We must still push on and do what is best for our country and our nation, or we may be doomed to destruction.

Answer some questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Answer some questions - Assignment Example Germany attacked the Great Britain by bombing and bringing lots of destruction. In return, the British forces fought back to counter the German conquest. German continued the attacks by fighting the Britain’s Royal air force who were their formidable opponents and this mad the Germans to be more determined in defeating the Britain air force. Germany bombed the largest city of Great Britain, London City and this was a very severe attack to the Britain nation and thus was one of the greatest attacks transacted by Hitler. Once the London bombing was done, the Germanys felt that they were winning the Battle but instead the British air force took to the sky and bombed the German bombers. Germany ended up losing a lot of airplanes among other military hardware. Germany decided to stop attacking Britain because they ran out of fighter planes as they had been destroyed by Britain. Hitler needed more air force to invade Russia, but his men were busy fighting the British forces. Hitler lost interest in taking over Britain and so he decided to stop attacking them. Hitler never wanted to attack innocent people in the cities and this contributed to him stopping the attacks in Great Britain. They decided to down a significant portion of the Britain (Radar Defense system) RDS while Great Britain managed to shoot down 46 aircraft belonging to Germany even though they lost 13 of their own. In another incidence during the fight, Great Britain shot down 75 Germany aircrafts and lost 35 of their own (Allison, Grey &Valentine, 2012). Great Britain succeeded in using the Germany Luftwaffe strategy by ruling against any striking of the RDS, which made them ineffective. Great Britain fought until they came out victorious and Hitler lost the battle. Hitler s ucceeded in bombing London for 57 successful nights, but later lost due to poor strategy in the battle. There was bad weather that was experienced during the attack and that attackers

Peer review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Peer review - Essay Example These factors as stated include; low interest loans, ease for access to loans, Competitors advertising, introduction of new competitive models and competitor’s dealers discounts (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). This hypothesis also has some significant weaknesses. The hypothesis does not give a definite correlation coefficient for this question. The importance of a correlation coefficient is to show the strength of a hypothesis. It is usually a number between -1 and +1. If it is close to +1 then it shows a strong hypothesis. However, if it is close to -1, it represents a weak hypothesis. In addition, enough statistics on the number and percentage through which sales increased as a result of the increase in per capital income is not provided. A sales hypothesis also calls for more charts analysis while this hypothesis does not provide. (Robert, 2007). According to the biblical teaching, Christians are called upon to put effort in every activity they undertake. The Bible calls for perfection in the activities that Christians undertake. Proverbs 21:5 emphasizes that the plans of diligent leads to plenty, while everyone that has hasty only leads to

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Personal Statement Example Everything works as per a set order, the analytical skills of an accountant are tested at every stage and the organization to which he is part of, places great confidence on him and he is liable to create a fine-looking picture of the organization based on incontrovertible facts. I would like to be in such a responsible position handling Accounts and Finance in a top organization to start with and after gaining two-three years’ experience would like to establish my consultancy firm in an important commercial center. The position as an auditor to prepare and examine the financial records is also of immense interest to me and as such it is part of my career objective. I have great interest in financial analysis/planning and budget strategy design with full learning commitment. My career goal is to sharpen analytical, strategic and critical thinking skills in day-to-day job while performing accurate financial analysis. Having excelled in Bachelor of Science in Business Administration: Finance, from Southeast Missouri State University- Harrison College of Business, I am well conversant with the following subjects and accounting procedures: Financial Statements, Spreadsheets, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft VBA, Cash Flow Management, Business Valuation, General Ledger, Risk Management, Value Added Analysis, Regulatory Accounting, Trial Balance and P & L Management. As such I am in a position to confidently assert that I own the requisite skills to enable me to apply for the university education to obtain the master degree with major in Accounting. The subjects of Accounting and Finance match well and they are of enormous interest to me. The knowledge of one of them helps to develop the skill of the other. Studying these subjects has led me to greater understanding of various methods and concepts to visualize difficult business issues in a logical manner without getting confused about the

Examine the view that marketing theory and concepts portrayed in the Essay

Examine the view that marketing theory and concepts portrayed in the traditional marketing literature have only limited application in guiding small business ma - Essay Example An organization that focuses on the consumer or on the market must determine the desires of the potential consumers and then develop the service or product based on the results. At this point, the two important marketing factors are the acquiring or recruiting of fresh customers and the expansion and retention of the buying relationship with the customers that are already in existence. The following are important under marketing theory and concepts. The variables that normally operate within and without the business operating environment influence the marketing strategy indirectly or directly. For an organization to be successful, it must be in a position to understand and also anticipate the changes that are taking place within the business environment. The organization must thereafter take advantage of these changes. This is what gives the business a competitive advantage. The marketing environment consists of the internal and external factors. An organization has to employ the sufficient and competitive staff to carry out the business activities. The employees must also be well motivated as part of the organizational strategic plan. When and if necessary, they must be taken through the process of training as well as development especially in the organizations that are service oriented so that the employees are able to offer the right services to the customers. This is likely to give the organization a competitive edge, (Blankson and Stokes, 2002). 2. Customers The organization's customers are the driving force and the basis of survival for the organization. If they do not consume the services as well as the goods f the organization, then the organization would just have to close down. The organization must meet consumer wants, needs satisfactorily. Anything short of that will lead to the failure of the organizational strategy. (Blankson and Stokes, 2002) 3. The shareholders These are the actual owners of the business and they pressure the management to give them the highest dividends possible. To satisfy the business shareholders, the organization has to be productive and profitable. 4. The suppliers A change in the cost of the raw materials directly affects the strategy that is used by the organization's marketing mix. This may result to the shooting up of the prices of the end product. The organization must ensure that it has a close and workable relationship with the suppliers to ensure that the organization's products and services are of high quality. 5. The media The attention that the media accords to the organization and its products as well as services creates a positive or negative publicity; this can either break or makes an organization. 6. Competitors The organization should at all cost aim at offering better services and products than the

Distorting the Truth About Crime and Race Assignment

Distorting the Truth About Crime and Race - Assignment Example However, the role of NYPD is to strictly keep an eye on African Americans for the sake of crime prevention and mitigation program that they should employ for the public safety. For this reason, no unjustified racial tactics may be necessary on the part of NYPD, but a strong action of priority to look out for the violent ones, which would allow us to see Mac Donald so convincing with his claim if we try to figure out this way. The strong stand of Mac Donald (2010) is to disclose the crime rates before we could actually conclude that the New York Police Department (NYPD) may have actually oppressed the city’s black population or the minority with their so-called unjustified racial tactics. It is on this ground that in his article entitled â€Å"Distorting the Truth About Crime and Race: The New York Times Is At It Again† published in the City Journal he strongly disagreed the way how the New York Times may have falsely accused the NYPD of its ‘racist stop-and-frisk practices’ that was allegedly employed on the minority of the population, consisting the Blacks, Hispanic and other nationalities. Keywords: race, crime, racial discrimination, African Americans, NYPD, justice The strong stand of Mac Donald (2010) is to disclose the crime rates before we could actually conclude that the New York Police Department (NYPD) may have actually oppressed the city’s black population or the minority with their so-called unjustified racial tactics. It is on this ground that in his article entitled â€Å"Distorting the Truth About Crime and Race: The New York Times Is At It Again† published in the City Journal Mac Donald strongly opposed the way New York Times may have falsely accused the NYPD of its ‘racist stop-and-frisk practices’ that was allegedly employed on the minority of the population, consisting the Blacks, Hispanic and other nationalities. Mac Donald (2010) said, â€Å"You cannot properly analyze police behavior w ithout analyzing crime†. Will this lead us to understanding why, as the Times claimed that in 2009 Blacks made up 55 percent of all stops even though they were only 23 percent of the city’s total population compared to the 10 percent of all stops for the Whites consisting the highest percentage of the population which was 35 percent by that time? Mac Donald has the answer. He presented the evidence that in the first half of 2009 in New York, Blacks already committed 66 percent of all the reported cases of violent crimes compared to the 5 percent among Whites by contrast. In addition, he added that Blacks committed 80 percent of all shootings in the first half of 2009 and 70 percent of all reported cases of robberies compared to the 1.8 percent for shootings and 5 percent robberies that whites committed, by contrast. This therefore according to Mac Donald should justify further why Blacks and Latinos were nine times as likely as whites to be stopped. Mac Donald suggested that the above facts should have been included in the report of Times in order to justify the truth behind why the cops are most likely to stop the minority of the population who were most of the time involved in the proliferation of crimes. In this tone of argument, Mac Donald is trying to convey the idea that Blacks could be more violent than Whites, which could further justify why the cops may have placed them as a higher priority for various crime-related investigations. Here where the actual issue of public policing may come in, which Mac Donald has also deliberately included in his argument. In line with his actual reasoning, it could be that the ultimate way to justify the action of the NYPD is to investigate the rate of crimes at present when police officers are active in mitigating the occurrence of crime especially that a significant number

Seeds of the Peace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seeds of the Peace - Essay Example He is of the opinion that if Palestine and Israel join hands then they can also become one of the dominant powers of the world. As both the sides have an efficient and effective workforce. All they need is the clear direction towards the achievement of common goals. Israeli people associated with Seeds of the peace are of the opinion that military action is not the way to bring peace in the region. They admitted the fact that Israeli army is not the representative of the thought and feelings of an ordinary Israeli person. After surfing through the videos related to the Seeds of the Peace project it can be inferred that the youth of Palestine consider themselves as a suppressed nation. Majority of the Palestinian participants have highlighted the fact that their families are at the mercy of Israeli Army. They can kill their loved ones at any time and at any place without having any reason. Therefore based on this observation it can be concluded that there is a great residue of hatred always in inside as they are born with it as well as grew up with it (Peretz iii). Palestinian participants seem too depressed with the situation prevailing in their areas. Most of the participants are of the opinion that after Yasir Arafat they did not find any leader who can project the problems of the region in front of the world in and efficient and effective manner. Palestinian also cleared their point of view regarding the suicide bombing. They suggested that although it is a reaction towards the action of what has been done by the Israeli army however they still do not support the killing of innocent. By analyzing the thoughts of Palestinian participants it can be inferred that the young generation of Palestine has realized the fact that Israel is also a reality. Therefore they can not deny the existence of such a big group prevailing in the region. Christians, Muslims and Jews can live together like they in any other part of the world. Seeds of

Financial Economics 2012- Quantitative Methods II, Statistics Project Essay

Financial Economics 2012- Quantitative Methods II, Statistics Project - Essay Example The CAPM gives an understanding about the kinds of risks that affect the return through assessment of these risks. The model uses the beta of a specific security, the risk-free rate of return, and the market return to compute the  required return  of an investment to its  expected risk. The CAPM Model and its uses The formula for the beta coefficient of stock is given by: Beta Coefficient of Stock (?) = ?rm / ?2m ?rm = the Covariance between the returns on asset i and the market portfolio ?2m = the Variance of the market portfolio This beta value serves as an important measure of risk for individual assets (portfolios) that is different from ?2m, it measures the non-diversifiable part of risk. It is an indirect measure which compares the systematic risk (risk which cannot be eliminated by portfolio diversification) associated with a company’s shares with the unsystematic risk (risk which can be eliminated by portfolio diversification) of the capital market as a whole. If a beta value of 1 is obtained, the systematic risk associated with the shares is the same as the systematic risk of the capital market as a whole. ... = 0.016191667 - -2.205(0.006838583) = 0.03127. Hence the formula is given by: MOBIL =0.03127 – 2.205 RKFREE Discussion of the regression equations The two regression equations can be interpreted as follows: The first regression equation can be concluded that a unit increase in the market portfolio results into an increase of the monthly returns of Mobil Oil by 0.7135 units. Changing this into monthly percentages, a 10% increase in the market portfolio results into an increase of the monthly returns of Mobil Oil by 7.135%. In the second regression equation, a unit increase in return of the 30 day U.S. Treasury bills leads to a decrease of the monthly returns of Mobil Oil by 2.21 units. The bills are risk free and hence cannot be used to model expected returns. Hypothesis testing including Null vs Alternative Hypothesis The hypothesis to be tested in this analysis will employ a t-test. This t-test is used because we need to find whether there is a significant difference between the means of MOBIL and MARKET, and between MOBIL and RKFREE. The test will determine whether monthly returns of Mobil Oil (MOBIL) and the market portfolio (MARKET) have a similar mean using a 95% confidence level. Hypothesis 1 Null Hypothesis, H1: Mean of MOBIL = Mean of MARKET Alternative Hypothesis, H ­0: Mean of MOBIL ? Mean of MARKET It is assumed that the variances are unequal. From the analysis, the computed t-statistic (0.2285) is not greater than the tabulated t-statistic (1.9801). Hence we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the mean of the monthly returns of Mobil Oil is equal to that of the market portfolio at 95% confidence level. The 95% confidence

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde - Essay Example Harry’s argument easily wins him over and he is totally changed person after the meeting. â€Å"The few words that Basils friend had said to him--words spoken by chance, no doubt, and with willful paradox in them--had touched some secret chord that had never been touched before, but that he felt was now vibrating and throbbing to curious pulses.† But the worldly and satanic wisdom of his mentor makes him break the heart of the innocent soul. He feels remorse at first but again justifies himself in the light of Machiavellian morality of Lord Henry. Lord Henry is the evil angel of the story .Every moment the hero is close to repentance, he appears from nowhere and through his devilish speech changes the mind of Dorian. One is wonderstruck at the callousness of both Henry and Dorian they show at the death of Sibyl. â€Å"What is done is done. What is past is past." The yellow book is another diversion provided to him by Lord Henry. This book further goads him to indulge in â€Å"all the passions and modes of thought that belonged to every century except his own.† Now Evil in him is in its true attire. Under his influence, the friends meet destruction. He murders his once beloved Basil as he exposed the ugliness of Dorian’s soul .The portrait is a surrogate of soul, so when he sins his soul is changed . Even in the end to avoid the pangs of consciousness, he resorts to opium. He seems to be following Henry’s philosophy â€Å"To cure the soul by means of the senses, and the senses by means of the soul.† When Dorian has ominous hallucinations about his possible end, all his fears are dispelled by Lord Henry who declares that destiny is too wise or cruel to send us omens. The bad influence of Lord Henry even subdues the feelings of guilt created in Dorian’s heart. His resolve to reform himself is diverted to some other thoughts. The damnation is complete .The inherent evil in the

Hypothyroidism and its Relationship to Heart Disease and Cardiac Problems Essay Example for Free

Hypothyroidism and its Relationship to Heart Disease and Cardiac Problems Essay Hershman describes hypothyroidism as a disorder which results from a deficit of the action of thyroid hormone (2009, p. 435). This condition affects the development and function of all tissues of the body, an important example of which is the heart. The thyroid hormone is responsible for the crucial regulation of calcium flux into the sarcomeres of myocytes (Rao, 2007, p. 202). The most common effect of deficient thyroid-hormone action on any tissue is well known; a decrease in the basal metabolic rate. For the heart, this decrease most commonly causes a decrease in heart rate. Other manifestations may include decreased cardiac output, flabby myocardium, pericardial effusion and impaired endothelial function (Hershman, 2009, p. 435). However, for the profoundly hypothyroid patient, the most frequent cause of cardiac anomalies is impaired diastolic relaxation (Klein, 2005, p. 777). Although the fall in rate of metabolism is ubiquitous in hypothyroidism, the heart experiences a disproportionate change in demand and supply of oxygen, the supply drops faster than the demand. On the other hand, patients of coronary heart disease who have later developed hypothyroidism have been given either low doses of T4, or no medication at all by some practitioners (Klein, 2005, p. 777); the lowered cardiac load associated with hypothyroidism helps in lowering the stress on the heart. Nonetheless, the adverse effects of hypothyroidism on the heart and on metabolism generally far outweigh this small concession (Klein, 2005, p. 777). Another complication associated with hypothyroidism is hypertension. The main feature of pathophysiology that results in this manifestation is the increased vascular resistance due to absence of the vasodilating action of T3 (Klein, 2005, p. 776). This brand of hypertension shows decreased sensitivity to salt intake as compared to other forms of hypertension (Klein, 2005, p. 776). Hypertension in a profoundly hypothyroid patient is especially ominous. The increase serum levels of cholesterol and lipoprotein (a), associated with the low metabolic rate, combined with the increased vascular resistance may lead to coronary heart disease (Klein, 2005, p. 77). However, it’s the subclinical counterpart of hypothyroidism that represents a major challenge; the lack of clear cut symptoms makes the diagnosis of this latent condition difficult. In a recent study, subclinical hypothyroidism was claimed to be an independent risk factor for heart disease in women in their 60s and 70s (Hak et al. , 2000). The main pathophysiological feature is the delayed relaxation of the left ventricle after contractions, exacerbated by endothelial dysfunction and a stiffness of the arteries (Biondi, 2009, p. 24). Serum thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH, and serum free T4 are an appropriate starting point in acquiring a diagnosis of hypothyroidism (Hershman, 2009, p. 436). Myoglobin levels in blood and urine are also excellent indicators of injury to cardiac tissue (Klein, 2005, p. 777). Serum creatine kinase levels may also be increased, but troponin levels remain normal (Rao, 2007, p. 202). In subclinical hypothyroidism, TSH levels are moderately increased while T4 levels remain normal. ECG shows a general decrease in amplitude and the T wave may be inverted (Rao, 2007, p. 202). The treatment of both the latent and overt forms of hypothyroidism, in relation to the heart, involves the maintenance of steady thyroid hormone levels. Levothyroxine is the drug of choice; in patients with a known heart condition, the dosage of the drug should be given incrementally to reach a stable normal level (Rao, 2007, p. 202). In elderly patients, some degree of cardiac ischemia is assumed present and the dosage is always increased gradually (Hershman, 2009, p. 438). Beta-blockers can be administered to counter the deleterious effect hormone therapy on cardiac ischemia, unless counter-indicated (Rao, 2007, p. 203).

Leadership Qualities And Duties Leadership Essay

Leadership Qualities And Duties Leadership Essay Leadership is a role that is given to people with leadership qualities, people with authorities, people who can take lead, can direct or work with a group of people to achieve a common goal. First things first, leaders are made not born. In this essay Im going to discuss, my understanding of leadership and the general concepts of leadership. (Nermeen,2005) What characteristic do I think that contributes to good leadership and names of two good business leaders and why. Leadership is an interactive process in which leaders and followers engage in mutual interaction in a complex environment5 to achieve mutual goals. Wren further makes the point that leadership is neither a position or title, nor the actions of an identifiable leader. Fundamentally, leadership is an influence relationship between leaders and followers, within a leadership system(Levy,2004). In ancient decade many people believe that leaders were born not made, as a person from royal back ground were the ones, who carried the legacy forward, but as time changes, thinking changes too. Now days its believed that leaders are made not born. In my understanding the differences are before you were forced, expected or chosen to take the role, whereas now you need to prove, show results, get motivated and have initiatives to be a leader. While leadership is learned, the skills and knowledge processed by the leader can be influenced such as, beliefs, values, ethics, and character.(Susan,n.d) Knowledge and skills contribute directly to the process of leadership, while the other attributes give the leader certain characteristics that make him or her unique. Although your position as a manager, supervisor, lead, etc. gives you the authority to accomplish certain tasks and objectives in the organization (called Assigned Leadership), this power does not make you a leader, it simply makes you the boss (Rowe, 2007). Leadership differs in that it makes the followers want to achieve high goals (called Emergent Leadership), rather than simply bossing people around (Rowe, 2007). Thus you get Assigned Leadership by your position and you display Emergent Leadership by influencing people to do great things.People want to be guided by those they respect and who have a clear sense of direction. To gain respect, they must be ethical. A sense of direction is achieved by conveying a strong vision of the future. (Mischel, 1968). When a person is deciding if she respects you as a leader, she does not think about your attributes, rather, she observes what you do so that she can know who you really are. She uses this observation to tell if you are an honorable and trusted leader or a self-serving person who misuses authority to look good and get promoted. Self-serving leaders are not as effective because their employees only obey them, not follow them. They succeed in many areas because they present a good image to their seniors at the expense of their workers. Two aspects of this definition are important. First, a significant part of effective leadership is the close c onnection between the leader and the follower, which often determines the success of the leaders mission. Unfortunately, this leader-follower relationship cannot be created according to some simple formula. Without inspiration, involvement, and encouragement from both participants, the relationship can not be effective. Leaders, in particular, must give an extra effort to reach out to followers in order to initiate and develop this alliance that is so critical to the achievement of goals. The leaders face special challenges as they try to communicate and interact with their followers and potential followers to understand and know what they think and what they do. Developing their leadership style in response to diversity, and ethics will give them an edge as they build relationships with their subordinators. Secondly, leaders who begin to use force, coercion, and manipulation must later use more force, coercion, and manipulation precisely because their ability to influence truly le ad is diminished. In my company I have never seen our lead to use any force to associates for achieving goals, because hed like to be a true leader for a long time. I believe that there are times in the life of a team or organization when the formula leader appropriately exercises the authority of his or her position or deal with organizational issues. Be, know and do the basis of good leadership is honorable character and selfless service to your organization. (Bens,2006) In your employees eyes, your leadership is everything you do that effects the organizations objectives and their well-being. Respected leaders concentrate on. What they are [be] (such as beliefs and character). What they know (such as job, tasks, and human nature). What they do (such as implementing, motivating, and providing direction). (Bass, 2008) What makes a person want to follow a leader? People want to be guided by those they respect and who have a clear sense of direction. To gain respect, they must be ethical. A sense of direction is achieved by conveying a strong vision of the future. (Lamb, McKee, 2004). The factors that contribute to good leadership is, willingness to go beyond or walk an extra mile, have initiative, or in simple terms put your heart and soul. In what ever you do. The four factors leader, follower, communications and situation are to dealt with effectively. Communications can easily breakdown and misunderstanding. Leaders must have an honest understanding of who their are, what they know, and what they can do. Also, note that it is the followers, not the leader or someone else who determines if the leader is successful. If they do not trust or lack confidence in their leader, then they will be uninspired. To be successful you have to convince your followers, not yourself or your superiors, that you are worthy of being followed. Followers you must know your people! The fundamental starting point is having a good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions, and motivation. You must come to know your employees be, know, and do attributes. Communication is a two-way process.(Hoyle,1995) Much of it is nonverbal. For example, when you set the example, that communicates to your people that you would not ask them to perform anything that you would not be willing to do. What and how you communicate either builds or harms the relationship between you and your employees. All situations are different. What you do in one situation wil l not always work in another. You must use your judgment to decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation (Mischel, 1968). A good leader is some who does what is right, a good leader produces results a good leader is some one like Mahtama Ghandi, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Donald Trump or Jaimee Oliver for instances. These people are the ones who set examples; these people are the ones who have followers. Mr. Donald Trump is a person, whom I believe is the greatest businessman ever, according to a documentary in TV (personal communications) Ones Mr. Trump has only a quarter (25c) in his pocket and he made a call to a bank, the bank heard his idea and approve his very small amount of loan and from that loan, he further develop his small idea into a middle size, and from there he kept on developing and growing and as we all know him well. He had a business idea, which no one was interested in, he tried couple of times but failed, but he is a person with resiliences, he bounce back and finally persuaded some one that his idea is wonderful. The last quarter, a man in need, the brain works faster then ever, a li ttle bit of luck and lots of self believe, willingness and initiative, took him where is was dreaming for and one very important thing. He had right people or followers to support him. Hes not a boss but a leader, he leader the way in many businesses, he became a celebrity as well. Soon he became an executive producer of his own TV show The Apprentices and started acting at this age. He is a man of opportunities, he proves that you can do anything at an any age all you need is to believe in yourself and keep on getting ahead. The most important thing to get ahead is to get knowledge. A leader should hungry for knowledge at all times. Studying is another way of getting updated or posted with whats new. Every single day there is something new to be learnt and to deliver or to pass it on. (Victor, 1978) In my option Jaimee Oliver is also doing a great job, he is a good inspiration to lots of people, especially to boys, who dont do good at school, but have some short of hobby or have passion for something. Mr. Oliver is a school drop out (personal communications) His parents forced him to go school but he kept on skipping until one day, his mum knows, that he likes to cook so he started cooking, trying new thing, making his own recipes, mixing the old and the new recipes together to create a new taste or flavor, soon he relished his cook books, and got famous and became the celebrity chef. That was the kick start for his career. He started cooking for famous people, manly celebrities. From there is started cooking shows in Television. This gave him the opportunity to get his own show on the. He started a school in London for students who have passion for cooking, but are not good in school. He helped lots couples to enter the TV show that need a creative cook, the prices was to get t he winner their own restaurant with a flat on top for his family. There are many more TV shows he did that have lot of good impact on lots of people. Soon he started a show that has forced a school to change their menu, at the beginning the school was not happy at all for his idea, but he convinces the management and was given time to promote his ides ant if he gets lots believers then only he would continue.(can view at TV 1) At first the canteen people gave him a heard time together with very fussy students. But he manage to get things around from the he moved to Melbourne Australia, where that time has largest number of children living on the streets. He encouraged them to take a career in cooking and prove everyone wrong. According to Jaimee Oliver that was the most difficult case of all but he manage to get some of them a on the right track by showing a way. Now Jaimee Oliver has relished his cook ware, which is really very expensive. (Dont know how to get one for wife). The wh ole point of this is basically, that he is a good leader, a good human being and he had a vision, he set his goals and knew what he wants out of life. A good leader should always have a vision. In my view a good leader has integrity, vision, willingness, can communicate effectively, is honest, reliable and responsible.(Blake,1964) Workplace frustration Part B Poor communications by senior management offices politics Lack of teamwork The use of politically correct language Nosy co-workers In my prospective I think offices politics is the first, then comes lack team work, poor communications, use of correct language and for me nosy co-workers is not a problem at all. The first three is a major concern, the influence that culture has on leadership. Cultural aspects such as organizational, the way its been run and handled, the heart and souls of business and what it mean the person who owns it for example, he feels its his belonging, his well-being. The ethnicity of the owner, what are they expecting, how things are done in they culture or does he or she is from a multicultural background and etc. All these are to be considered before putting the work place frustration. Offices polities is getting on top of everything nowadays, sometimes how heard you work but cant get any recognition, is basically because of dirty politics. Lack of teamwork is also a major part as its takes the initiatives to go beyond. Sometimes poor communication is one of the factors that cause most of the problems, some times its not all the above but because of broken communication, some of the problems are just for noting, this is where the culture, ethics and believe are hand on hand. Its all interlinked to each other. Its a circle that has a beginning but no ending.

Learning And Communicating Online Education Essay

Learning And Communicating Online Education Essay The purpose of this paper was to express the extent of agreement with collaborative learning approaches. Thorough research on the subject of collaboration and the methods that are implemented by educators proved that there are more positives than negatives. This paper delves deep into the information that was discovered along the journey. The information contained within will help to prove that collaboration is a valuable tool for learning. This paper focuses on the importance of teaching students from a young age to work in collaboration with their peers. It shows that there is a wealth of information for students of all ages to learn from one another while participating collaboratively. It also points out the importance of working in groups to build on a students social, management and inquisitive skills. Collaboration will assist students in building upon the knowledge that they already have. Like all things in life, for every positive there is a negative and this report also covers a few of those negative points. Learning environments have changed progressively over the past 10 years. Continued use of antiquated methods, of instruction is harming students, and not allowing students to explore their full potential. The traditional whole class approach to education has outgrown its usefulness. Whole class instruction was a product of the industrial revolution to provide education to the masses (Shachar 2005). Years ago, the path to higher education was something that people undertook in their younger years, now higher education is something that is carried out by people of all ages and backgrounds. There is an assortment of training options available now to anybody that wants to further their education. They include; traditional on campus (full or part time), work based training (apprenticeship / traineeship), or an online degree (with no physical contact hours at all). Education has ventured out of the class room and into the virtual world. This change in educational venue has also seen the way that students are encouraged to learn develop. With the evolution of education, has come the growing interest in online degrees. The way that students participate with others while undertaking these online degrees, is collaboratively over the internet. Collaboration is a key to achieving goals. Because it allows students to build on knowledge they already possess, by interacting with other students. It is a way to receive feedback from their peers and educator in a less formal way than within the classroom. Although there are negatives to collaboration, according to the research conducted, the positives outweigh the negatives. Students learn how to interact in a professional manner within their learning groups and they build on their social and management skills. Collaborative learning can be defined as an instructional method in which students work together in small groups towards a common goal. Co-operative learning is defined as a structured form of group work where students pursue common goals but are assessed individually. Co-operative learning can be encompassed within the definition of collaborative learning (Prince 2013). Collaboration implemented in the early years of learning builds a foundation for success, both at school and in life. It can provide a positive attitude towards school and learning. Collaboration also teaches students how other people think (Battistich, Watson 2005), and build a set of skills that will be useful throughout their school years and into their careers. Co-operative learning reduces the gap between students, it has been found to provide significant support to students who are slow learners (Shachar 2005). Through collaboration, students are interacting with others from different backgrounds and learning abilities. The diversity that students are faced with is of particular benefit to their learning (McWhaw et al. 2005). Collaboration provides students with the opportunity to verbalise their thoughts and to analyse other peoples ideas. These thoughts facilitate understanding through cognitive restructuring on those who teach learn the most. Group members not only capitalise on the interaction between themselves and their peers but they learn how to problem solve by participating in the groups collective thoughts (Terwel 2005). Students find that when receiving feedback from their peers throughout their educational journey, that their learning experience is enriched. They feel as though they have a better knowledge of the information that has been presented to them and that their retention levels of new subject matter are greater. Collaboration represents an interaction where students are given more power over their learning than traditional methods (McWhaw et al. 2005). It is a method, in which students are their own time keepers. Students are able to invest as much time as they feel is necessary to achieve their goals. A common way of teaching students to work collaboratively is to assign them to groups to work through a problem. Groups have a greater potential to solve complex problems in challenging contexts, they bring more knowledge, skill and experience to the work than any individual could (Hackman, 2011). When working in small groups, there are various methods that can be utilised to help establish a sense of community and interaction between students. These include; case studies, role-playing, debates and threaded discussions (Lou, Macgregor 2004). For groups to be successful, the students must have a set plan of action. They need to allocate tasks to individual group members, and know that the task will be completed. A specific skill set should be utilised by the students to ensure that they are benefitting from the group sessions. Students will need to show that they are able to be open, have good leadership (able to follow instructions as well as give them), be inquisitive (ask for clarification from other group members regarding information provided by them) and show that they have good judgement (Bosworth 1994). With the development of social media and other online mediums, it has been increasingly easier for educators to set collaborative tasks for students. Online mediums such as BlackboardTM, Adobe Connect and Collaborate are integral parts of educator controlled collaboration. Weekly tasks are posted to blackboard for completion by the students. The activities ask for members of the group to actively participate in posting the answers to the said activity, and to provide feedback on a post, or to ask a question of fellow students. Adobe Connect and Collaborate are two programs that work in similar ways. They both provide an online platform for lectures / tutorials. These sessions are held by educators in regards to assignments and instructional information; they are beneficial for students to attend. It allows them the opportunity to ask real time questions of their peers and educator in relation to the information that is being presented. There is also the opportunity to ask any relevant questions in relation to the subject, and to be provided with an answer on the spot from a peer or educator. Social networking sites (Facebook and Twitter) are morphing into new channels for collaboration and innovation. They are increasingly tapping into the collaborative mindset in ways that continue to evolve (Moore, Neely 2011). Take students at Swinburne University for example. They have set up Facebook groups (which are independent from the university) for subjects that are offered by Swinburne. Students from a subject are welcome to join the particular group for the said subject. Within these groups, students have contact with other students who are studying the same subject, but may be from a different online learning group. These subject groups on Facebook are a wealth of knowledge. The students ability to be able to ask a question or an opinion from a myriad of students, gives them access to a broader knowledge base. Students within these groups also share information that they think may be of benefit to other students. As a result of questioning the effectiveness of collaboration in approaches to learning, it was found that there are negatives with collaborative learning. It has been noted that students feel as though greater involvement by all students within their online groups would make weekly activities more relevant to their studies. Collaboration is only as good as the involvement of students. If activities are only completed by a few students, then the benefits of the activity are going to be low. The greater the involvement, the more beneficial it is going to be. As the collaborative process is still evolving, there will always remain an element of unpredictability within the group environment. Students may find it hard to overcome their learning style that is their mindset. Some may find it easier to work alone and others may rebel and refuse to work with individuals within the group (Banerjee 2012). It was found that those who are rebellious are more likely to be high achieving students. These students do not want their grades to be effected by other students (Shachar 2005). Students working within groups may feel as though they are the ones doing the heavy lifting. There could be students within the group that do not contribute as much as other students. The act of not performing up to scratch is commonly referred to as social loafing. The challenge with groups is to identify what it takes for groups to exploit their considerable potential while avoiding the dysfunctions that await the unwary (Hackman, 2011). In conclusion, thorough research was conducted on the subject of collaborative approaches to learning. While carrying out the research for this paper, it became quite clear from the outset that there are more positives in relation to collaboration than negatives. When students collaborate, they are interacting with people from different backgrounds and learning abilities. Research showed that the implementation of collaborative exercises in the early years of a students education assisted them in gaining a positive attitude to learning, and to build a foundation for success in both school and life. One of the most common ways of collaboration in an online medium is to place the students in small learning groups. The communication that happens in these collaborative groups, gives students the opportunity to verbalise their thoughts, ask questions of their fellow group members and analyse other peoples ideas. Students that work within these groups, have the ability to solve more complex problems within a quicker time period. Social media and other online mediums have contributed to the accessibility of collaboration for students. Not only are online sessions set by educators for the students to attend, but there is a greater occurrence of student led collaboration through mediums such as Facebook and Twitter. This new age in technology will continue to evolve at an unprecedented pace in the future, bringing with it more ways for students to enhance their learning experience. Research showed that there are negatives in relation to collaboration. There is an element of unpredictability with the group environment. Students working within these groups may feel as though they are contributing more than others. Some students find that it is easier to work alone (their learning style dictates this), while others may be rebellious and refuse to work with members of the group. The contributing factor to this theory is that high achieving students do not want their grades to be effected by the work carried out amongst the group. Students also feel as though a larger contribution from all students in their online groups would be of greater benefit. The old adage of more is better, is correct in this instance. With the involvement of only a few, there isnt as much information to be absorbed by the students. Once again, in conclusion the research carried out in relation to this paper, has proven that collaboration is important to learning.

school prayer :: essays research papers

did when I was growing up there. Today it is necessary to have a Police Officer in the village of Larsen Bay, Alaska because of domestic violence and alcohol/drug abuse. There was the Russian Orthodox religion, but Priests only made a short visit approximately every six months to a year, that is if the weather and the Priest's schedule permitted. Whenever a Russian Orthodox Priest would visit, he would give all of his sermons in either Russian, or Slavonic. Very few if any of the villagers understood Russian or the Slavonic language. A few years before I left the village the Baptists moved in to cleanse our heathen souls. The Baptist presence in the village lasted for about 10 years after I left. There is a Russian Orthodox religious presence in the village today. The Russian Orthodox religion moved into the village, built a Church and this time give their sermons in English or at least through an interpreter. I had a childhood that was without the pressures and influence of organized religion. When I left the village and went out into the world, my curiosity was aroused to the different supernatural god-beliefs of the world. I found that some people believed so strongly that they had the "only" one true religion that they would fight and die for that belief. Supernatural god-beliefs are just that - beliefs, a figment of imagination and a superstition. People that are indoctrinated from birth into supernatural god-beliefs know that they are right and that the others have it all wrong. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Public School Pre-game Prayer Halt prayer before games judge orders This was on the front page of the Atlanta Constitution on September 25, 1986. A federal judge issued a temporary restraining order banning prayers before football games at the Douglas County High School in Douglasville, GA. Doug Jager just returned to Douglasville, GA from his first trip to Larsen Bay, Alaska where he spent the summer. Emotions were intense and out of control for Christians who suddenly found that they lost one of their means of imposing their prayers onto the public. After the Atlanta Constitution's front-page story to halt prayers at public school football games, Georgia went crazy. The Jager household was besieged with some of the nastiest phone calls and open public abuse coming from Christians in the name of God. The abuse coming from Christians was very intense, and meant to terrorize and to intimidate.

Subdivisions and American Agriculture Essay -- Geography USA Essays Pa

Subdivisions and American Agriculture Across Wyoming and the West, you can see miles and miles of undeveloped land. However, in the next 100 years will that be true? This once-frontier land has had massive growths in population. For retired people, the West and Midwest are becoming more attractive due to the cheap land that is less populated. Subdivisions are moving farther and farther out into the country. From 1990 to 1995, the counties in the Rocky Mountain region increased three times faster than the rest of the United States (Theobald, Miller, and Hobbs 26). Due to this increase, other areas in the environment have been negatively affected. Numerous problems have surfaced as a result of 5 acre plots. Wildlife habitats have been disturbed through construction. In conjunction with the disturbance of wildlife, plant population and landscape have also been removed and disturbed. The recent building increases have also sparked arguments over water rights and ground water. From â€Å"Ranching the View: Subdivisions versus Agriculture,† the authors suggest subdivisions can have profound impacts on rural areas. This is primarily due to the organization of the subdivisions to gain the most housing sites possible, the subdivisions have been arranged into small plots. The houses then take up a large amount of acreage and are compacted. However, separately each individual plot is around 5 acres. And this is especially relevant if the subdivisions are located near protected areas. With an increase in human population more housing is needed. Valuable farmland, range land, and grassland have been constructed into subdivisions. Besides the subdivision layout problem, subdivisions also bring roads, fences, wells, lawns, and buildings. Ano... ...tion biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology 9.2 (1995): 459-461. Agricola. 29 March 2007. http://search.ebscohost.com. Radeloff, Volker C., Hammer, Roger B., and Susan I. Stewart. "Rural and Suburban Sprawl in the U.S. Midwest from 1940 to 2000 and Its Relation to Forest Fragmentation." Conservation Biology 19.3 (2005): 793-805. Academic Search Premier. 28 March 2007. http://search.ebscohost.com. Theobald, D.M., Miller, J.R., and N.T. Hobbs. â€Å"Estimating the cumulative effects of development on wildlife habitat.† Landscape and Urban Planning 39 (1997): 25-36. 29 March 2007. http://search.ebscohost.com. Veech, Joseph A. "A Comparison of Landscapes Occupied by Increasing and Decreasing Populations of Grassland Birds." Conservation Biology 20.5 (2006): 1422-1432. Academic Search Premier. 29 March 2007. http://search.ebscohost.com.

Cruelty In Literature :: essays research papers fc

There are many examples of cruelty in literary works. Literary works such as plays, novels, films, short stories, and poetry. One may believe that cruelty is a way of life. Cruelty is included in great works of literature such as The Crucible, The Scarlet Letter, Bartleby, The Red Badge of Courage, The Last of the Mohicans, Lottery, Dr. Heidigger’s Experiment, Redburn, Angel of Death, Gold Bug, The Tell-tale Heart, and Night. The following is an explanation of the cruelty and the result of it. In the Last of the Mohicans, there are many acts of cruelty displayed. For example, The bad Huron Indian Magma makes the English troops walk right into a war party trap. As a result of this action, The English troops fought every Indian in the war party, but three Mohicans killed most of the Huron. Another example would be when Monroe won’t let the militia go back to the frontier to defend their families. As a result, Nathaniel helped the people who wanted to leave, escape. Another example would be when the Huron Indians killed Uncas. In turn, Alice threw herself off a cliff because she loved him so much. Another example would be when the French told the Huron not to attack the American troops again. As a result, the Huron attack the American troops anyway. Theses various counts of cruelty show that the Huron Indians are a cruel people. In The Red Badge of Courage there also are many acts of cruelty displayed. For example, Henry runs away from battle. In turn, Jim and the rest of the company got wounded and some died. Another example would be when the red coats attacked the Americans. As a result, Henry ran away again. Another example would be when the generals were laughing about the win. In turn, Henry overheard them and thought he was celebrating about something he didn’t help in and was treating the entire war as a game. Another example would be War itself. As a result, Henry gets war fever and runs in front of the line, in a suicide attempt. Another example would be when Henry was asking for help from a running solider, the solider hit Henry with the butt of his rifle. In turn, Henry was knocked out and left for dead. Unlike the Huron, the red coats and their own men are the cruel ones. One of the solider on his side actually strikes Henry, which knocks him out. This movie also illustrates cruelty from a 3rd party, the generals are not involved directly yet cause cruelty. In Bartleby, there are many occurrences of cruelty. For example, Bartleby wouldn’t leave the office. As a result, many people get mad. Another example would be when Bartleby’s old boss moved out of the office. In turn, the new owner came back to his old boss and said get rid

Australia – the Unknown Southern Land

â€Å"The Unknown Southern Land† Even in medieval times there were stories about a large continent in the Southerh Hemisphere. But Europeans had never seen it. They wondered what it was like and whether it inhabited. They called this land terra australis incognita 1 or  «the unknown souther land » – Australia. Nowdays when people speak of Australia they can mean three things: 1) Australia as a continent; 2) Australia as an island and 3) Australia as an indenendent country. Australia is the world's largest island and its smallest continent. Asia is the continent nearest to Australia in the north. The icy shorts of Australia lie to the south. New Zealand is to the east. To the west of Australia stretches the vast Inddian Ocean. In the east the continent is washed by the Pacific Ocean. Australia is a land of striking differences. In the centre of the continent and in the west more thab 50% of the land is desert – dry and uninhabited. There are three – the Great Sandy Desert, the Great Victoria Desert and the Gibson Desert? Situattd between them. Naturally very few people live there. Most of them live on the narrow coasts of the tast and southeast. Main cities, where people live among tall office buildings? Automobile plants and busy factories, are situated there. In the nothearst? Tropical forests cover the coast. In the mountains of the southeast the snow lies for ceven months of the year. Australia is divided into six states and two territories. 1terra australis incognita (Latin) [`tera aust`r? :l? s ? n`k ta] New South Wales is Australia's leading indastrial state. Most people live along the east coast, and most of them are in Sydney. Sydney is also the largest city in Australia. It was founded on January 26, 1788. It is a pretty and indastrial city. Population of 3,700,000. In Victoria most people live in the south. Melbourne is the cfpital of the state and the largest city. Sheep and peaches and apricots are grown along the Muurray River. Population about 3,200,000 Queensland is Australia's second largest state. Drisbane, its capital, is . sitbated on the east coast. It is important export center exportihg wool, meat, wheat, sugar. Population over 1 mln people. Queensland has long beatifull sahdy beaches. Its coast is a popular place for holidaymakers. The climate along the east coast is hot and humid. It is the tropical corner of Australia. Bananas and other tropical fruits are grown here. Most of the land in the south is too dry for farming. Some of Australia's unprodnctive desert lands occupy the bigger part of the state. The state of Western Australia is dry and inhospitable except the southwestern corner of the state. Nearly all of the state's farms, sheep stations and fruit gardens are situated there. The rest of the state is dry desert land with very few towns or lonely cattle stations. South Australia is the third largest state. Most of South Australia's people, farms and industry are in the southeastern pert of the state. Adelaide is the capital and the largest city. Population over 1 mln people. It is a large center exporting wine. Most of South Australia is too dry for farming. Farming very much depends on irrigation1 or underground water. Some of Australia's most unprodnctive desery lands 1 irrigation [? r? `? e n] 2 nectaries [`nekt? r? nz] occupy the greater part of the state. Wheat and fruit (apricots, pears, peaches, nectaries2 and grapes) are grown along the lower part of the Muurray River. Tasmania, the island, is sometimes called the apple isle becaus it produces most of Australia's apples. Tasmania is one of the few plaaces in Australia that have enough rain all year. Tasmania is Australia's leading produes of pears and berries of different kinds. Potates are also grown in some areas. Northern Territory is the least populated and least developed part of Australia. Crocodiles still live in some of the twamps along the coast. Darwin is its capital and the only large settlement in the norsth. Population of about 70,000. Alice Springs, generally called Alice of the Alice, is th eonly town in the south. The capital of Australia is Canberra. The city doesn't belong to any state. It is situated on the Australian Capital Territory, which occupies an area of 2,432 square kilometres. It was builting in 1923-1927. Population of about 300,000.

Human anatomy and physiology Essay

The cardiovascular disease has been one of the most fatal diseases in the world. And nowadays, it has been categorized into one of the wide ranging and investigative illness in the world. It is a disease merely composed of various individual disorders mainly in the heart and in the organs building the circulatory system. For many years, this disease has been one of the chief causes of death not only in the United States but also in the other parts of the world. And for that, this disease has been one of the challenges that still on top of the challenges that are being faced by the experts in health and medicinal tasks. The coronary heart disease and the cerebrovascular disease are two of the several diseases that compose the cardiovascular disorders. Though experts have already tried easing down the death rates caused by this disease, still the cardiovascular disease along with many of its components haunts the bodies of the persons of their next victims. One million deaths which are mostly rooted on the cardiovascular diseases have been recorded during the year of 1997 and up to this year is still increasing and heaving up with it a huge amount of expenditure not only of the victims but also of the persons preventing and thinking ways on how to prevent and treat the disease. However, not long before this disease of the heart and of the circulatory system had come into view, there were also other diseases that had bothered the health of the United States. Diseases like the pneumonia, diarrhea, tuberculosis and others have been the main illness that the United States have been battling with. It was not until 1963 that the deaths caused by coronary heart disease have took over in having the highest record. Over the years of the deaths caused by the cardiovascular diseases, experts all over the world began studying on the primary causes of this disease. According to the studies, the factors affecting the occurrence of this disease can be categorized to two: the modifiable and the not modifiable factors. The second one, the not modifiable factors are the ones that are mostly of the genetic preferences. Examples of these factors are gender of the person and family background regarding the disease. On the other hand, the first factor, the modifiable factors are the factors that can still be controlled or managed by the person in order not to have the disease. High blood pressure, fat or cholesterol level in the body, smoking, and pressure of the person’s blood, blood sugar, obesity and physical inactivity of the person are cases of the modifiable factors of the cardiovascular diseases. Reaction The cardiovascular system is one of the various systems in the body. This system is the one responsible for the transport of the following: hormones, food, gases and metabolic wastes. The system is composed of three major components: the blood, the blood vessels and the heart. The blood is composed of plasma and cells and serves as the transport vehicle of the ones transported by the system. The blood vessels on the other hand are grouped into two: the arteries and the capillaries. These blood vessels are the passageway of the blood to and from the different organs of the body. The arteries are channels that carry blood away from the heart and the capillaries are the ones that transmit blood from the different organs back to the heart. And finally the heart; this is the component of the cardiovascular system that drives the blood into motion. Definitely the cardiovascular system is one of the systems needed by the body to sustain life. If not for this system, there would be no transport of blood therefore the body would not be provided with the proper nutrients and gases and thus leading to death. Cardiovascular disease as stated in the article by William T. Friedwald is a disease composed by many other individual diseases either in the heart or in the other parts of the body mostly on the circulatory system. For one, the coronary heart disease is one of the various disorders that compose this cardiovascular disease. And like the other components of the said disorder, the coronary heart disease is also one of the leading causes of death and expenses in the world. Coronary Heart Disease The coronary heart disease is a problem in the heart which is caused primarily by a disorder in the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries are the channels which sustains the heart with sufficient blood that provides the needed nutrients and oxygen. A problem in the coronary arteries causes the heart to have less or even none of the needed average blood in the heart. A deficiency in the supply of blood in the heart is the main reason for the occurrence of this disease. The deficiency of blood in the heart which supplies the nutrients and the needed gases is also known as ischemia that is why this disease is often referred to as the ischemic heart disease. Like any other diseases, the coronary heart disease has its own causes. One of the reasons for the existence of this disease is due to heredity. Coronary heart disease can be present in the blood that runs through the veins of your family. And so, if one of the ancestors of a person has exhibited the signs of this disease in the past, it would not be a wonder if the person too would have the possibility of having the disease. A high level of cholesterol in the body also aids in the development of the disease. These are also accompanied with the high blood sugar, high blood pressure and intense amount of excess fat in the body. These along with the abuse of tobacco, lack of regular physical activities and stresses brings about coronary heart disease. Lessen Tobacco Intake Smoking as a major cause of this disease should be definitely be lessened or most accordingly be brought to a stop. Too much intake of tobacco serves as grounds for the accumulation of fatty substances in the arteries. This build-up of fats in the arteries causes the narrowing of the arteries of these vessels therefore diminishing the deliver of nutrients and oxygen to the heart leading to heart attack. A gradual decrease in the intake of tobacco in the body may help in preventing the disease. Though it may sound unusual and that it is far from the existence of the disease, dieting can be an aid in preventing coronary heart disease. Dieting reduces the not only the cholesterol and sugar but also diminishes the blood pressure of the person. Researches conclude that the consumption of fish is better than eating meat. Researchers recommend the eating of fishes over meat for the reason that most of the meat especially red meat has a greater quantity of cholesterol than fishes. Moreover, certain fishes contain omega-3 which reduces the occurrence of irregular heartbeat which is the mere cause of loss from coronary heart disease. Be Physically Active Physical activities such as swimming and biking are recommended by most of the experts in order to prevent coronary heart disease. Being physically inactive is a big risk for the existence of coronary heart disease. Experts say that adults should engage themselves into activities with moderate intensity everyday. Cardiology Exam Everyone on Earth has the possibility of having the disease in their family history. Hence, a cardiology exam is advised for an early prevention and treatment program may be executed in case there is a positive result after the exam. Hormone Replacement Though not for everyone, researches have already concluded that estrogen has the ability to protect the blockage on the passageways of the blood. This has been formulated because of the observation that it is uncommon for women to experience heart attacks on pre menopausal stages of their lives. Though deadly and fatal as it may seem, the coronary heart disease can also be prevented in any ways like other diseases. Moreover, given the incurable and terminal effects of this disease, there is really a definite reason to know the ways of preventing this disease. Cardiovascular disease is a general diagnostic category consisting of several separate diseases of the heart and circulatory system. Cardiovascular diseases have been the major health problem and the leading cause of death in the United States for several decades. Despite impressive and sustained declines in the mortality rates from these diseases, the magnitude of the problem is still staggering. In 1997 alone, nearly 1 million people died of cardiovascular disease, which was about 40 percent of all deaths. The two most important components are coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, with 460,390 dying of coronary heart disease and 158,060 dying of cerebrovascular disease in 1998. In 2000, it was estimated that cardiovascular diseases carried a direct heath expenditure cost of $186 billion and additional indirect costs of $190 billion, making these diseases a continuing major contributor to the escalating cost of health care in the United States.

Implementation of Supply Chain Management Essay

Supply chain management is an oversight of processes when moving goods from the stage of customer order to the raw material stage and it includes the supply, production and distribution of products to the customer. Every organization has supply chain of different levels, depending upon their size and type of product they are manufacturing. Their aim is to provide the customer with enough information necessary to give the value that they demand and to gain the information regarding the customer too. The ultimate goal for any supply chain management is to reduce its inventory. For a successful supply chain, software systems are provided with web interfaces to provide the customer with enough information they demand. Hershey Foods Corporation and NIKE inc. are both very renowned organizations, one known for its food products and the other for athletic footwear, equipment and accessories for sports and fitness activities. Both of these organizations adopted supply chain management systems in order to lower down their inventories and to increase their profit. But both of them failed in achieving their objective which was to reduce the inventories. The main mistake made by Hershey Food Corporation was, that they hired a supply chain system costing $112 million from SAP AG, Manugistics, and Siebel systems. The supply chain system was supposed to put in data of everything from production to delivery. But getting software from three different providers created unpredicted delays and complex problems in implementation. Also, another mistake made by the organization was that they implemented the whole system at once instead of in stages. So therefore they faced problems in placing the orders and then executing them to warehouse for fulfillment. The problem faced by NIKE, inc. was a bit more complex, as said by 12 technologies marketing Chief Katrina Roche â€Å"NIKE problems were not tied to the software but to the way the software was installed. † (Sridharan, Caines, & Patterson, 2005) Moreover he says that his company accepts the responsibility for â€Å"not being more aggressive in telling them that they needed to follow our implementation methodology. † (Sridharan, Caines, & Patterson, 2005) 12 technologies wanted to track each and every little product of NIKE which made the job more complex and therefore it took their time more than they had expected. The NIKE people made the same mistake as Hershey foods, that they implemented the system before they were ready to execute it. (Sridharan, Caines, & Patterson, 2005) So overall at initial stage supply chain systems were a bad experience for Hershey Foods and NIKE, Inc. There are certain things which if the company would have followed then hopefully the things must have been the other way round. First of all only one supply chain system provider must be hired for the software, as more than one supply chain systems for same job results in failure. Then provider’s implementation methodology is very important for client to follow in supply chain systems especially when they are modified to suit client’s requirement. More over supply chain systems are very complex as they have to track over numbers of product varieties so therefore it must be implemented in stages rather than executing it at once. And if the company is switching from one system to another then first the system should be tested in order to check whether it is fulfilling the company’s requirements or not. ?

Open Ended Questions in Research Essay

Questionnaires and surveys are useful for determining the attitudes, characteristics, profiles, beliefs from a sample of people. In designing a questionnaire that focuses on open ended questions the main concern should be on determining the way the responses will be quantified. Open ended questions are often used in research to clarify closed questions or as a means of generating ideas. In both cases it is generally assumed that the longer and more detailed the response to an open ended question the better (Graziano et al, 2000). However, relatively little is known about the effect of factors such as question wording or questionnaire design on the response to open ended questions. There is a need to ask open ended questions when the researcher desires to probe deeper into a subject area. The use of open ended questions is more common in subjects which are relatively unrehearsed. Open ended questions are also of value, where response cannot be predicted, or maybe to the reduce potential for researcher induced bias. This method makes it possible to explore a range of ideas about a certain issue or topic. Open ended questionnaire questions can be also be quantified but in more indirect way. â€Å"Converting raw, open ended data from large sample sizes into meaningful categories that the researcher can utilize to quantify the results presents a challenge† (Culp, 1998). Several strategies can be used to convert these responses into meaningful information. Using qualitative data analysis software is rapidly becoming feasible. Using software applications that support content analysis and data linking and those that offer advanced linguistic analysis. The content-analysis applications allow an analyst to assess the number of times a participant uses a particular word or phrase in written material or transcribed remarks. By counting the frequency of words and noting the association of certain words, one can categorize themes and concepts. By thus â€Å"quantifying† the qualitative communication, an analyst can associate the resulting information with other quantitative data. A more sophisticated analysis is possible with linguistic analysis, which examines the semantics, syntax, and context of participant’s verbal communications. Linguistic analysis applications help the analyst  identify the key ideas in a text, gain an indication of the relative importance of each idea, and then develop a prediction of a participants attitude and or behavior based on the context of the remarks† (Gale, 2005). The author would also consider scoring qualitative open ended question with coded values. For example expression strong emotional response against an idea could be valued as a 3, while a moderate response could be scored as 2, and a neutral or vague response a 1. Another idea that could be utilized is coding using a Likert type scale based on how overtly strong an idea or opinion is expressed. This method could induce bias if the person doing the interview or scoring the questionnaire has a personal preference in this idea. The research question should not be made known to the person doing the scoring in order to reduce the possibility of bias. The author believes that bias could also be minimized if several individuals do the scoring and the score then be averaged. Summary The topic chosen by this author lends itself well to open ended questions as it solicits responses in terms of attitudes, opinions, and beliefs about the economy. The following open ended questions are an example of questions that might be used in an interview about this topic. †¢How do you feel about the current state of the economy?†¢What do you think caused the recent economic downfall?†¢How has the economy affected your budget?The author would use scoring qualitative open ended question with coded values. For example, strong response could be valued as a 3, while a moderate response could be scored as 2 and a neutral or vague response a 1. The author would then do an analysis of the content based on the categorizations of opinions and attitudes. In a full scale research project, the author would use a mixture of quantitative and qualitative question in order to establish opinions, thoughts, or beliefs on the subject. This would aid in the analysis of attitudes on the topic. The validity of this type of research is only in the accurate analysis of the opinions and attitudes of the participants. References Culp, K. & Pilat, M. (1999). Converting feedback into quantifiable  categories [Electronicversion]. Journal of Extension 37(4). Dilts, R., Grinder, J., Bandler, R., Delozier, J. (1980). The Study of the Structure of SubjectiveExperience, Neuro-Linguistic Programming: Vol I. CA: Meta PublicationsGale, T (2005). Let me count the words: quantifying open ended interactions with customers,Cornell Hotel & Restaurant Administration Quarterly Pub 01-Aug-2005, RetrievedMay 3, 2009 fromwww://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-245360/Let-me-count-the-words.htmSmith, R. A. & Davis, S. F. (2007), The Psychologist as Detective. New Jersey: PearsonEducation, Inc. Graziano, Anthony M. & Raulin, Michael L. (2000) Research Methods: A Process ofInquiry. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.

Precedent- Statutory Interpretation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Precedent- Statutory Interpretation - Essay Example ferentiates the English Common Law system from Civil Law, where every case is tried based on a judge’s or jury’s interpretation of law at a particular time, regardless of the outcome of similar cases in the past. This begs one big question: Given that the judiciary has the task of interpreting laws and giving judgments when two or more parties do conflict; add to the fact that it is supposed to play a role that is separate from the legislature, has stare decisis effectively made English courts the rivals of Parliament in making laws? To be able to do that, let us examine the current rules of court in Britain. There are different rules of precedent for each court. There are cited as follows: (â€Å"Rules of precedent†, n.d.) Their Lordships regard the use of precedent as an indispensable foundation upon which to decide what is the law and its application to individual cases. It provides at least some degree of certainty upon which individuals can rely in the conduct of their affairs, as well as a basis for orderly development of legal rules. Their Lordships nevertheless recognise that too rigid adherence to precedent may lead to injustice in a particular case and also unduly restrict the proper development of the law. They propose, therefore, to modify their present practice and, while treating former decisions of this House as normally binding, to depart from a previous decision when it appears right to do so. In this connection they will bear in mind the danger of disturbing retrospectively the basis on which contracts, settlements of property and fiscal arrangements have been entered into and also the especial need for certainty as to the criminal law†¦.This announcement is not intended to affect the use of precedent elsewhere than in this House. Many people believe that the House of Lords is bound by the rules it set, but his statement has implied that the House of Lords is not really bound by its own decisions,

Nervous system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nervous system - Essay Example In connection to the practical with the central nervous system of maggots, it is significant to note that Maggots have one unique feature: that is they keep on recycling especially when it comes to their neurons. Equipped with a nervous system that helps them to crawl and feed, they change into intricate animals with sophisticated behaviors and sensory system such as flying and walking. Maggots lack motor neurons that can make the transition into adult. During metamorphosis, the neurons start to spread and seek out adult links. In order to understand the central nervous system of a maggot, it is significant to look at the role that hormones play in initiating these intricate behaviors required to molt. Eclosion hormone is an insect neurohormone that makes the larvae to initiate the intricate behaviors required to molt in that it assists in removing an exoskeleton in order to mobilize the needed changes in the entire central nervous system. The nervous system neurons expand from the n erve body. The dendrites and axons are tied together which help conduct and transmit signals. The neurons are categorized as either sensory, interneurons or motor (Brodal, 2010, p. 52). The sensory neurons help in sending information to the central nervous system from external and internal environment. Motor neurons assist in carrying information from the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and organs. Lastly, the interneuron spread signals between sensory and motor neurons. The nervous system of a man has motor neurons, unlike maggots that lack motor neurons thus making them unable to transition into adult. The practical conducted reveals that the Maggots have three major sensory receptors, which link with three major ganglia or collection of nerve tissue, which enable the larva to sense their environment and move to food sources. Maggots can respond to odor, temperature, moisture, and chemicals. These sensory organs allow maggots to be attached to or repelled from specific environments. Sensory organs are normally excitable cells that allow information transmission to occur (Sawin, Harris, Campos, & Sokolowski, 1994, p. 355). In connection to the nervous system, it comprises of the spinal cord, intricate network of neurons and the brain. This system is very important in that it helps in receiving, sending, and conceptualizing data from all parts of the body. Further, just like discovered in the practical, the nervous system reacts to transformation in the outside environment, and helps monitor and coordinate internal work of body organs. The spinal cord has nerves that assist in transmitting information from body organs and outside environment to the brain and directs data from the brain to the rest of the body. The spinal cord nerves are fiber like that travel in two distinct manners. Descending nerves carry data concerning the motor function from the brain to other body parts. The ascending nerves transmit data from the body to the brain (Brodal, 20 10, p. 89). In order to aid their movement, the maggot can respond to light since they have photoreceptors on their heads and can move towards light, known as positive photo taxis. First instar animals have negative photaxic responses and third instars are positive phototaxic in nature. The rate of

RESEARCH PHILOSOPHIES AND PRINCIPLES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

RESEARCH PHILOSOPHIES AND PRINCIPLES - Essay Example As such, quantitative methodologies generally involve statistical or mathematical models of data analysis. Qualitative research methodology is relatively new when compared to quantitative methods. Qualitative research emerged towards the later parts of the 20th century through an increasing acceptance of post-modern epistemological formations that greatly complicate the very nature of reality (Denzen & Lincoln, 2011). Rather than being something that could merely be measured and determined through statistical models, qualitative research involves researcher interpretive processes (Denzen & Lincoln, 2011). It follows that in many ways qualitative research compliments quantitative by articulating abstract concepts that can be refined and understood by later quantitative investigations (Creswell 2003). Still, it’s noted that in other ways qualitative knowledge runs counter to quantitative claims to validity, as some qualitative epistemological foundations contend that knowledge i s personal or perspective based (Creswell 2001). Additionally, there are mixed method pursuits that implement both quantitative and qualitative research (Brannen 2005). This essay specifically examines four research studies – some with quantitative and others with qualitative approaches -- in terms of a variety of analytical criteria. Analysis 1. Quantitative analysis of defects in Malaysian university buildings: Providers’ perspective This specific research investigation implements a qualitative methodology. The research question this study aimed to resolve was the areas of university buildings that required repairs. The research argued that it was important as increased levels of knowledge regarding defects in the buildings could aid the university by contributing to the development of a system that would more efficiently address these concerns. There is the tacit recognition then that the current system is unstructured and implemented in ineffective ways. It is reco gnized that qualitative research assumes a great many analytical methods. Within the specific context of this research the primary data collecting method is the questionnaire. This study sent out questionnaires to maintenance managers at the university. Each questionnaire contained five options: not at all urgent, not very urgent, urgent, very urgent, and extremely urgent. There is a clear challenge in that certain maintenance managers could consider an area more urgent than another area more strenuously than another manager’s perspective. That is, one managers understanding of the linguistic elements of the questionnaire would be different from another manager. The study indicates these challenges are circumvented, as urgency is determined through comparison between studies. As such if there is one area that managers frequently rate as urgent then these multiple perspectives are interpreted as a valid conclusion. Specifically 50 questionnaires were sent out to the maintenanc e departments in universities in Malaysia. While 50 questionnaires were sent out, only 33 were returned. This is discrepancy is significant as it indicates that certain departments were more receptive to the study than departments at other universities. This discrepancy could indicate that the questionnaires are biased in that the organizations that responded had more pressing concerns or were more receptive to changes in the university. Still, research on questionnaires attest to this response rate as

Facilities Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Facilities Management - Essay Example Factors Influencing Growth of Facility Management. 7 2.5. Facilities Management Transformation 8 2.6. Support Service Facilities Management at HSBC 8 3.0. Facilities Management Strategy 10 3.1. Facilities Management Development Strategy 11 3.2. Strategic Analysis of Facilities Management 11 3.4. Developing Solutions 12 4.0. Strategic Implementation 12 5.0. Conclusion 13 6.0. References 14 HSBC (Hong Kong Banking Corporation Limited) 1.1. Introduction HSBC is has its headquarters in London and is among the largest banking and financial services organizations in the world. Its international network comprises or close to 8, 000 offices in more than 80 countries and territories in Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, the Americas, the Middle East and Africa. In the United States alone, HSBC has more than 460 bank branches and has its listings on the London, Hong Kong, New York, Paris and Bermuda stock exchanges. The shares at HSBC are held by over 220,000 shareholders in 132 countries and te rritories. With respect to the New York Stock Exchange, the shares are traded in form of American Depositary Receipts. On close observation, it is clear to note that HSBC provides a comprehensive range of financial services to close to 89 million customers through four global businesses. These constitute: Retail Banking and wealth Management (prior referred to as Personal Financial Services); Commercial Banking; Global Banking and Markets; and Global Private Banking. 1.2. Background Information HSBC Private Bank is the marketing name for the private banking business. With its established presence in virtually every financial market in the world, HSBC possibly has the most valuable place in multinational banking giants. HSBC has many facilities to the distinguished customers in Retail and Wealth Management, as well as commercial bank offering financial services to small, medium and middle market enterprises. HSBC was founded in Hong Kong Shanghai in 1865 and the banking facility rega rds Asia as its most crucial market region; with America, Asia Pacific and Europe each represent a third of its business. HSBC offers the following financial services to its customers; Customer’s personal financial services. Current and savings accounts. Mortgage Car Financing 1.3. Objectives and importance of Study The main objective of this study is to develop a facilities management strategic framework for HSBC support services with respect to the contracts to other companies to make the service delivery effective. With greater insights in the contemporary world towards the improvement of the global economy, the world has been rocked by major financial crisis in the recent past orchestrating for strategic measures to ensure that the global economy remains well functional. The main focus is aimed at the transformation strategy for Facilities Management in the public sector. 1.4. Organizational Framework of HSBC HSBC organizational structure is specially designed to be dynam ic and customer focused. On the same note, it seeks to ensure effective control, supervision and enhance consistency in all standards across the organization and align all areas of operations to achieve overall organizational objectives. HSBC organizational structure is divided into six principal groups namely: - Retail Banking. The Retail Banking Group is in charge for the products and services for retail customers and small enterprises including various credit products, liability products, distribution of third party investment and

Discuss the stress vulnearability model and the bio-psychosocial Essay

Discuss the stress vulnearability model and the bio-psychosocial approach to the care and treatment of illness - Essay Example These people are also less likely to relapse to stress induced depression and psychoses. This model also illustrates that biological factors play a key in ones vulnerability to stress, such as schizophrenia from a parent, and the persons proneness to developing the same illness due to this predisposing factor. Some physicians are looking into the bio-psychosocial methods in managing stress, since this can develop or mimic certain illnesses depending on an individuals vulnerability to stress. Strategies that are being recommended are altering ones diet and lifestyle changes. (Posen, 1995) A recommendation in keeping a healthy diet and lifestyle increases a persons ability to cope with stress, thus lessening their vulnerability and their likeliness to develop illnesses due to stress. (Posen, 1995) Managing stress also lies within the person himself. Having a healthy lifestyle plays a key role in a persons capability in handling stress. Organic medicine and natural remedies are some ways that people can also try in order to increase their tolerance towards stress (Bashir 2007). Â   Asthma has been one illness that has always been attributed to stress. (Wright, Rodriguez & Cohen, 1998) Because of the impacts of stress on our immune system, our bodies become more prone to viral and bacterial infections that may develop into secondary infections, such as asthma. With the increased work load starting late December of last year, my asthma became unmanageable. The stress of my job manifested itself on my health first with a simple cold, then with flu-like symptoms, then allergy, and the last asthma. Meeting deadlines and not-so-good relations with my boss became stress triggers for me. Patients experience high levels of stress when they are about to undergo a medical procedure. (Arslan 2004). Patients were asked in what phase of

Healthcare Law & Ethics - Advanced Directives Essay

Healthcare Law & Ethics - Advanced Directives - Essay Example Firstly, the will should be made by someone in his sound state of mind. Secondly, a living will should be specific about the duties or decisions to be made. Thirdly, a living will should be voluntary. This means that the maker of a living will should not be under duress to do so. 2. A health care proxy is a written document that permits a patient to appoint someone called an agent to make specific decisions affecting the health of such patient in the event the patient is incapable of making decisions. However, so long as the patient is in position to make decisions himself, the health care proxy will not be effective. Health care proxy should meet certain conditions. In most cases, people appointed as health care proxies are people who are closely related to the patient such as next of kin. Another condition of a health care proxy is that it can not be signed by the physician attending to the patient. In addition, the patient can issue other instructions to nullify the preexisting conditions. The common health care proxies are issued when someone is about to undergo a major medical operation. 3. Durable power of Attorney refers to general, specific as well as health care instructions or powers given to someone that will be exercised when the issuer becomes mentally incompetent. Someone can also sign a durable power of attorney form. Fundamentally, they are not different from other powers of the attorney. However, a few texts or words are added to make them durable. However, just like other powers of the attorney, they only become effective only when the issuer becomes mentally incompetent or incapacitated. Such powers may require the appointed agent to make decisions concerning matters such as how to handle bank transactions, purchasing life insurance, settling claims, buying and selling of property, management of real estates, among others. Such instruction should be make by someone in his